In some people, the condition is limited to a single tissue or organ, such as the lungs, skin, bladder or bowel localized disease. Types There are many types of amyloidosis. These are some of the major types. Select an option. Primary amyloidosis. Secondary amyloidosis. Familial amyloidosis. Wild-type TTR. The plasma cells in your bone marrow become abnormal and produce too much of a protein called the light chain, which is part of an antibody.
Deposits of this protein typically affect the heart, kidneys, nerves and gastrointestinal GI system. AL is the most common type of amyloidosis in the U. AA is rare in the U. It happens when a protein called serum amyloid A SAA builds up, typically in the spleen, liver, kidneys, adrenal glands and lymph nodes. The symptoms and severity can vary. Another example is a genetic variation called ValIle, which primarily affects African-Americans and usually causes cardiac deposits.
Symptoms The signs and symptoms of amyloidosis can vary widely depending on how many organs and which organs are affected by protein deposits. Here are a few examples of the range of possible symptoms. Heart-related symptoms. Shortness of breath Abnormal heart rhythm Chest pain Worsening difficulty with physical activity Fainting. Kidney-related symptoms. Foamy urine or decreased urine output Swelling in the lower legs, belly, arms and lungs.
This is called Systemic. If it gathers in one specific area of the body only, it is called Localized. There are several different types of amyloid proteins. For example, these are the three most common Systemic Amyloidosis diseases:.
Go directly to your amyloid type and find specific information on symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments for your type. Amyloidosis has been labeled as a rare disease by the U. As a classified rare disease by the U.
As research continues, this rare classification may change. Many experts suspect that some of the amyloidosis diseases are not that rare — just rarely diagnosed. As funding increases for research, our understanding of amyloid diseases will lead us in new directions.
A major challenge is the current lack of early diagnosis for a patient with amyloidosis. Some varieties of amyloidosis may lead to life-threatening organ failure. Treatments may include chemotherapy similar to that used to combat cancer. Your doctor may suggest medications to reduce amyloid production and to control symptoms. Some people may benefit from organ or stem cell transplants. Some people with amyloidosis experience purpura — a condition in which small blood vessels leak blood into the skin, causing purplish patches.
An enlarged tongue macroglossia can be a sign of amyloidosis. It can sometimes also appear rippled along its edge. You may not experience signs and symptoms of amyloidosis until the condition is advanced. When signs and symptoms are evident, they depend on which of your organs are affected.
See your doctor if you persistently experience any of the signs or symptoms associated with amyloidosis. There are many different types of amyloidosis. Some varieties are hereditary. Others are caused by outside factors, such as inflammatory diseases or long-term dialysis. Many types affect multiple organs, while others affect only one part of the body. The potential complications of amyloidosis depend on which organs the amyloid deposits affect. Amyloidosis can seriously damage your:. Amyloidosis care at Mayo Clinic.
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