In plant cells, a new cell wall must form between the daughter cells. During interphase, the Golgi apparatus accumulates enzymes, structural proteins, and glucose molecules prior to breaking into vesicles and dispersing throughout the dividing cell. During telophase, these Golgi vesicles are transported on microtubules to form a phragmoplast a vesicular structure at the metaphase plate.
There, the vesicles fuse and coalesce from the center toward the cell walls; this structure is called a cell plate. As more vesicles fuse, the cell plate enlarges until it merges with the cell walls at the periphery of the cell. Enzymes use the glucose that has accumulated between the membrane layers to build a new cell wall. In most animals, Cytokinesis begins sometime in late anaphase or early telophase, to ensure the chromosomes have been completely segregated.
During Cytokinesis the spindle apparatus divides and moves duplicated chromatids into the cytoplasm of the separating daughter cells. It thereby ensures that chromosome number and complement are maintained from one generation to the next and that, except in special cases, the daughter cells will be functional copies of the parent cell.
After the completion of the telophase and Cytokinesis, each daughter cell enters the interphase of the cell cycle. Cytokinesis in plant cells involves the formation and insertion of a new cell wall that separates daughter nuclei after mitosis.
The deposition of the new wall is regulated by a structure referred to as the phragmoplast which contains microtubules, actin filaments and membranes. At the end of anaphase, Golgi-derived secretory vesicles carrying cell wall materials are transported to the equator of a dividing cell. Fusion of these vesicles gives rise to a membrane-bound compartment, the cell plate.
This process occurs due to the cortical remodelling orchestrated by the anaphase spindle through cleavage in the animal cells. A ring-like actin filament is formed at the metaphase plate, such a way that a cleavage furrow is formed, which catalyzes the division of a cell into two. Cytokinesis is the second most important stage of the mitotic phase, which divides the cell by physically separating the cytoplasm components into two daughter cells.
Speaking of which, Cytokinesis takes place in the middle part of the cell plate of the plant, where Golgi vesicles coalesce to form phragmoplast. In simple words, the process begins with the formation of a cell plate with the aid of the Golgi apparatus, which discharges vesicles in order to form a cell plate that creates membranes for the division of the plant cells into various daughter cells.
Unlike animal cell generation patterns, cytokinesis is said to be different in plant cells, and this is due to the presence of cell walls and cell membranes in the plant cells. On the other hand, Cytokinesis begins in prophase in plant cells, which is formed through vesicles in the centre of a cell that causes the formation of the Cell wall and ultimately engenders the division of plant cells.
On the other hand, Cytokinesis in animal cells is the process of the polarisation of the cytoplasm into two cells.
Although, the first and foremost step for a cell undergoing cytokinesis in animals is to make sure that it occurs at the right time and in the appropriate place. The cell has finally completed mitosis. Cytokinesis is not generally considered a part of mitosis, yet it finalizes the cell division process. The result after cytokinesis is two genetically identical daughter cells, which will then go through a cell cycle of their own, eventually undergoing cytokinesis.
Emma Sloan has been writing since She began writing for her collegiate newspaper, "The Purple and White," also serving as the opinions editor and managing editor. Sloan also writes for the "Jackson Free Press.
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