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He was the first named person in history to find a new chemical element. See the fact file below for more information on the Hennig Brand or alternatively, you can download our page Hennig Brand worksheet pack to utilise within the classroom or home environment.
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KidsKonnect is a growing library of high-quality, printable worksheets for teachers and homeschoolers. Skip to primary navigation Skip to main content Skip to primary sidebar Skip to footer. Hennig Brand was a German merchant, alchemist, and pharmacist who accidentally discovered the element phosphorus while trying to conduct experiments and searching for the philosopher's stone. Sign Me Up Already a member? Log in to download. Sign Up Already a member? Not ready to purchase a subscription?
Crafft's effort to learn the exact process from Brand, however, was thwarted by another colleague and rival, Johann Kunckel, a chemist and apothecary who later claimed the discovery of phosphorus for himself.
Kunckel had made important advances in mineral science and the establishment of the mining industry in this part of northern Germany, but his allegiance was to a different German ducal dynasty than the one underwriting Leibniz's and Crafft's work. It was Kunckel whom Brand probably first interested in the waxy white substance he had distilled from urine.
With his hesitancy, Brand did not impress Kunckel, a deft courtier. Any university degree holders of this era would have been fluent in Latin, and Kunckel quickly assessed Brand's lack of credentials by using terms from the universal language of science and the humanities in Europe.
Leibniz, as ducal historian, may have sent a representative to Hamburg or met personally with Brand to set up a mass-production facility for phosphorus.
Leibniz, Kunckel, and Becher were connected to figures in the British Isles who were eager to learn more about the curious substance Crafft had been showing in various European capitals. Foremost among those intrigued was Robert William Boyle, an Anglo-Irish scientist widely regarded as the founder of modern chemistry. Becher had decamped to London to work for Boyle, as had another entrepreneur-scientist from Saxony, Ambrose Godfrey-Hanckwitz, who likely met with Brand in Hamburg before leaving for England in In London, Becher and Godfrey—who later dropped the Hanckwitz half of his surname—helped Boyle perfect the phosphorus-manufacturing process.
Godfrey later set up a phosphorus-supply business on Southampton Street in London's Covent Garden neighborhood. Brand's death date is given as either or Decades after his death, in , he was immortalized by English painter Joseph Wright of Derby, who commemorated great moments in scientific advancement that had spurred the Industrial Revolution in Britain. Smith, Pamela H. Periodicals New Scientist , June 30, Brand was, once again, in need of money.
He had stopped supplying Kraft with samples of phosphorus and he had been foolish enough to tell Johann Kunckel that his initial ingredient had been urine. Kunckel, after a few less successful attempts, had managed to produce phosphorus in He had even published a paper although this did not include the recipe! Leibnitz began negotiations with Brand on behalf of Duke Frederick of Hanover.
Leibniz must have been very annoyed to discover that Johann Joachim Becher was also making overtures to Brand on behalf of Duke Gustav Adolph. Leibniz decided that the best course of action is to lure Brand to Hanover with the offer of employment as court alchemist.
The Brands, Hennig and his wife Margaretha, made a determined effort to play Becher against Leibniz in an attempt to make as much money as possible.
In a series of letters to Leibniz and Krafft, the Brands made threats to go with Becher unless the money being offered is raised. Margaretha writes to Leibniz "Dr. Becher is ever so honest and four weeks ago, as he left Hamburg for Amsterdam, he honoured my husband with ninety four Reichsthaler". Brand was probably unaware that Krafft was working with Leipzig and that allowed Krafft to advise Brand against Becher. However, in a letter to Krafft, Brand writes "Dr. Becher is as honest a man I have met in all my days while Leibniz is a fickle person".
Leibnitz suggested that Brand make a trial visit to Hanover before deciding. In Brand travelled to Hanover and was set up with everything he needed to make phosphorus. Leibnitz assisted in the production and was impressed by the quality of the phosphorus that Brand's recipe produced.
After Brand's return to Hamburg Leibnitz did not hear from him for a few months. Eventually Brand contacted Leibnitz to say that his daughter had died of an illness that had also affected Brand and his other children. Brand was also asking for more money. The Duke did agree to increase the proposed salary and Brand did return to Hanover to make more phosphorus but, after that, Brand's life is a mystery.
Leibnitz, however, published Brand's recipe but under his own name - he did not credit Hennig Brand for his contribution.
Brand might well have been completely erased from the phosphorus story had it not been for letters that had been written by his second wife, Margaretha to Leibnitz. These letters, discovered amongst Leibnitz's papers after his death, provided proof that Hennig Brand had been the first to isolate the element. There were some famous scientists, including Robert Boyle, who reportedly used Brand's method to obtain phosphorous. Urine was the main source of phosphorous until when Carl Wilhem Scheele developed a method of extracting phosphorous from bone.
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