We assessed whether inter-individual variability in trait anxiety could partly explain the variance in our measures of interest SCL, subjective anxiety, and intra-individual correlation.
To do so, we re-ran the above-described ANOVAs for SCL and subjective anxiety with the scores of the STAI-trait questionnaire as co-variable, and performed a correlation between the intra-individual correlations used to assess emotion coherence and the scores of the STAI-trait questionnaire.
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The rough sound of salience enhances aversion through neural synchronisation. CAS Google Scholar. Engelberg, J. Do human screams permit individual recognition?. PeerJ 7 , e Interaction of induced anxiety and verbal working memory: influence of trait anxiety. Tomkins, S. Springer, New York, Panksepp, J. The basics of basic emotion. Ekman, P. Facial expression and emotion. That huge variation in scream roughness is a clue to how our brains process danger sounds, Poeppel says.
Screaming serves not only to convey danger but also to induce fear in the listener and heighten awareness for both screamer and listener to respond to their environment. Write to Tanya Basu at tanya. By Tanya Basu. Related Stories. To do this, Poeppel and his colleagues compiled a corpus of screams lifted from YouTube videos and ones recorded in their lab, then asked volunteers to rank them according to how alarming the sound was. Poeppel also imaged the brains of his volunteers as they listened to screams to see how these sounds affected neural activity.
A defining characteristic of fearful screams was their roughness, a measure of how rapidly the loudness of a sound fluctuates. Volunteers consistently ranked rougher sounds as more alarming, and the brain images showed that the amount of blood that flowed to the amygdalae, two small brain regions that process fear and other emotions, was correlated with the roughness of a sound.
The new research from Emory University, led by Harold Gouzoules, a psychologist and one of the few screamologists in the world, is an initial step toward answering this question. The study reveals that roughness is indeed a defining factor across scream types, but it is not the only one.
Other parameters, such as an arcing pitch and a high fundamental frequency, were also common in sounds labeled as screams. But the important thing, Gouzoules says, is that roughness is not unique to screams. Scientists call this signal a corollary discharge. In crickets, on which the study was done, it's sent from the motor neurons responsible for generating loud mating calls to sensory neurons involved in hearing.
The signal is sent via middlemen called interneurons. Biologists have long known that corollary discharge interneurons, or CDIs, must exist. Only in recent years, however, have they started finding them. The new cricket study is the first to pinpoint CDIs for the auditory system.
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